Inderect Speech and Reported Speech

INDERECT SPEECH
indirect speech is indirect sentences, ie sentences that say olehh others (perhaps in a different place and time) based on what was said directly by the first speaker, "Indirect Speech" also known as reported speech or quoted speech.
1. In indirect speech, "The past continuous tense" used with no clause Pls
2. In the British Home, writing quotes use single quotation marks (''), whereas in the American Home, written using the quotation marks ("").
3. 'Should' is used with I and We (the British) have the meanings will not sebaliknya'should 'Would changes to the indirect speech
Example:
a. He said that he would be happya) He said, ‘ I should be happy.’
b. He said that he would be happyb) He said, ‘I shall be happy.’

4. For a universally true statement, we can use the simple
present tense is in the noun clause
Example:
a) He said that the sun rises in the east.
b) He said that the sun rose in the east.

5. If Introductory verb or verb in the main clause in the simple present form, the present perfect or the Dimple future tense, in indirect speech has not changed
Example:
a) He says that he is trying to work carefully.
b) She has said that she will never be late again.
Example:
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said (that) he worked hard1) He said, ‘I work Hard.’
He said (that)he was working hard2) He said, ‘I am working hard.’
He said (that) He would work hard3) He said, ‘I will work hard.’
He said (that) he had been working hard4) He said, ‘I was working hard.’
He said (that) he had worked hard5) He said, ‘I worked hard.’
He said (that) he had worked hard6) He said, ‘I have worked hard.’
He said (that) he was going to work hard7) He said, ‘I am going to work hard.’
He said (that) he could work hard8) He said, ‘I can work hard.’
He said (that) he might work hard9) He said, ‘I may work hard.’
He said (that) he might work hard10) He said, ‘I might work hard.’
He said (that) he must/had to work hard11) He said, ‘I must work hard.’
He said (that) he had to work hard12) He said, ‘I have to work hard.’
He told me to work hard13) He said, ‘work hard.’
He said (that) he should work hard14) He said, ‘I should work hard.’
He told me not to leave15) He said, ‘Don’t leave.’
He asked if (wheter or not) I would go.16) He said, ‘Will you come?’
He asked me where I was17) He asked, ‘where are you?’
He said (that) he was talking to his teacher when Ann called him18) He said, ‘I was talking to my teacher when Ann called me.’

REPORTED SPEECH

Reported speech is not directly report what others are saying
Examples:
1.Jane said she was so happy today.
2.The president said he needed a vacation.

Reported speech using the past tense of the direct speech, so if direct speech in the form of present tense, then the reported speech in the form of past tense
Example:
1.Direct Speech - I said, “She is in her office.”
2.Reported Speech - I said she was in her office.

If the direct speech in the form of past tense, then the reported speech using the past perfect form.
1.Direct Speech - I said, “She was in her office at lunchtime.”
2.Reported Speech - I said she had been in her office at lunchtime. atau - I said she was in her office at lunchtime.

In modern English, the form of past perfect is often not necessary to reported speech form of the past, we simply use the simple past tense.
Here are some common forms of the verb in a direct and reported speech

1. Tenses / Reported Speech
2. Simple present: I said, “She is busy”. - I said she was busy.
3. Present continuous:I said, “I am working now”. - I said I was working now
4. Simple past:I said, “She was here this morning”. - I said she was here this morning. ATAU
I said she had been here this morning.
5. Past continuous: I said “She was studying all yesterday” - I said she was studying all
yesterday. ATAU I said she had been studying all yesterday
6. Present perfect: I said, “She has worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for
5 years.
7. Past perfect: I said, “She had worked here for 5 years.” - I said she had worked here for 5
years.
8. Future: I said, “She will work here from July.” - I said she would work here from July.
9. Future continuous: I said, “We’ll be living here for 6 months.” - I said we would be living
here for 6 months.
10.Can: I said, “She can play the piano well.” - I said she could play the piano well.
That

Reported speech is often given as part of a clause-that, especially in written language and more formal language
Example:
*He said that he would arrive at 10.00.
*He said he would arrive at 10.00.


Both these words mean the same, and That can be eliminated without changing the meaning
source:
http://englishcreation.blogspot.com/2009/06/indirect-speech.html
http://www.1-language.com/englishcourse/unit59_grammar.htm